Criminals will try to circumvent legal and consumer boycotts of unsustainable commodities and steal sustainability premiums by manipulating sustainability certification along supply chains. The envrionmental and social value of any efforts to protect forests, make agriculture sustainable and add value to sustainable trade depends on those premiums reaching the stakeholders who invest in those efforts. We need to discuss how to scientifically verify sustainability actions on the ground and protect that evidence through to consumers. These should be practical methods that facilitate trade by minimising administrative burden. Our work on blockchain and IoT traceability in the biofuels supply chain has been useful learning process for a sustainable certified supply chain with known environmental and fraud risks. The problems and solutions are very likely common to other sustainable certified commodities.